SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

U.S. ARMY TARDEC Fuels & Lubricants Research Facility

Publications

NOTE: Government-funded research reports can be found at www.dtic.mil.

2007

Alvarez, R. A., L. L. Stavinoha, P.A. Muzzell, B. J. McKay, and E. R. Sattler , “The Effect of Switch-Loading Fuels on Fuel-Wetted Elastomers,” SAE Paper 2007-01-1453, presented at the SAE 2007 World Congress, Detroit, April 2007.

McCormick, R.L. and S.R. Westbrook, “Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends,” ASTM Standardization News, 35, No. 4, (2007): 28–31.

Treuhaft, M.B. and D.C. Eberle, “The Use of Radioactive Tracer Technology to Measure Real-Time Wear in Engines and Other Mechanical Systems,” SAE Paper 2007-01-1437, presented at the SAE 2007 World Congress, Detroit, April 2007.

Vail, N.K., G. Bessee and S. Hutzler, “Modeling Interfacial Tension at the Molecular Level,” presented at the 8th International Filtration Conference, San Antonio, January 2007.

2006

Kemme, M.R., W.T. Brown, E.A. Frame, and R.A. Alvarez, “Diesel-Powered Equipment Properties and Activity Database for DoD Off-Road Sources,” SERDP Project WP-1338, ERDC/CERL TR-06-6, March 2006.

Westbrook, S.R., “The Value of Consensus Standards for Fuels and Lubricants Research,” presented at the 20th International Forum Process Analytical Technology, Arlington, Va., February 2006.

Westbrook, S.R., “American Society for Testing Materials International and Biodiesel,” presented at the National Biodiesel Conference, San Diego, February 2006.

2005

Ball, J.C., T.E. Kenney, L.R. Wolf, D.M. Yost, M.E. Schulman, E.A. Frame, J.P. Wallace III, D.L. Hilden, M. Natarjan, T.V. Johnson, K.J. Wright, K. Eng, and M.A. Gonzalez, "Emissions of Toxicologically Relevant Compounds Using Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Fuel and Aftertreatment at a Low NOx, Low Power Engine Condition," presented at the SAE 2005 Powertrain and Fluid Systems Meeting, SAE Paper No. 2005-01-3764, San Antonio, Texas, October 2005.

Bessee, G.B. and V. Hughes, "Debris Analysis—A Systematic Approach," presented at the 7th International Filtration Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2005.

Bessee, G.B., J.P. Buckingham, and V. Hughes, "Jet A, JP-8 and JP-8+100 Research Program," presented at the Aviation Fuels Committee (AFS), Pyestock, England, April 2005.

Bessee, G.B., J.P. Buckingham, and V. Hughes, "Jet A, JP-8 and JP-8+100 Research Program," presented at the Coordinated Research Council (CRC), Williamsburg, Virginia, May 2005.

Bessee, G.B. and K. Walther, "Evaluation of DOD Army Aviation Filters," presented at the SAE Congress, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Paper No. 2005-01-1804., Detroit, Michigan, April 2005.

Bessee, G.B., V. Hughes, S. Champ, and A. Kitson-Smith, "Coalescence—Theory to Application," presented at the 7th International Filtration Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2005.

Bessee, G.B. and V. Hughes, "Dirt Removal Efficiency for API/IP 1581 3rd and 5th Edition Elements—Laboratory Analysis," presented at the 7th International Filtration Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2005.

Bessee, G.B. and V. Hughes, "Generation of Water Emulsions for Standardized Testing—What We Don’t Know," presented at the 7th International Filtration Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2005.

Bessee, G.B. and V. Hughes, "Particle Counting, Micron (c), and Millipore Issues," presented at the CRC, Williamsburg, Virginia, May 2005.

Bessee, G.B. and V. Hughes, "Water Emulsion Generation for Filtration Evaluations and Other Issues," presented at the AFS, Pyestock, England, April 2005.

Bessee, G.B. and V. Hughes, "Water Emulsion Generation Issues," presented at the CRC, Williamsburg, Virginia, May 2005.

Bessee, G.B., "Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals in Biodiesel Fuel Blends," presented at the 7th International Filtration Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2005.

Simonis, J.C., G.B. Bessee, and L.L. Bequette, "Finding the Enemy—Environmental Effects of Iraq Sand Intrusion in Helicopters," presented at the 7th International Filtration Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2005.

Vail, N.K., G.B. Bessee, and S.A. Hutzler, "Modeling of Fuel/Water Interactions," presented at the 7th International Filtration Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2005.

2004

Frame, E.A., R. Alvarez Sr., M.G. Blanks, R.L. Freerks, L.L. Stavinoha, P.A. Muzzell, and L. Villahermosa, "Alternative Fuels: Assessment of Fischer—Tropsch Fuel for Military Use in 6.5L Diesel Engine," presented at the SAE Powertrain and Fluids Systems Conference, Tampa, Florida, October 2004.

Owens, E.C., "New Technologies and Automotive Chemicals," presented at the Automotive Specialty Products Alliance Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, April 2004.

2003

Bessee, G.B., "Fuel Filter Wear Index Test Method," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Bessee, G.B., "Fuel Filter Wear Index Test Method," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, September 2003.

Moses, C.A., G.R. Wilson III, and H.S. Byrnes, "Effect of Red-Dye Contamination on the Fouling Rates of Aircraft Fuel Nozzles," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Moses, C.A., G.R. Wilson III, and P. Roets, "Elastomer Compatibility of SASOL Fully Synthetic Jet Fuels," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Moses, C.A., G.R. Wilson III, and P. Roets, "Stability and Fuel/Additive Compatibility Considerations of SASOL Fully Synthetic Jet Fuel," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Moses, C.A. and R.A. Kamin, "Effect of Copper Contamination on the Fouling Rates of Aircraft Fuel Nozzles," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Moses, C.A. and R.A. Kamin, "Effects of Copper Contamination on the Fouling Rates of Aircraft Fuel Nozzles," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, September 2003.

Waynick, J.A., J. Andrew, and R. Giannini, "Effect of Refining Severity on the Lubricity of NATO F-76 Fuel," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Waynick, J.A. and M.E. Gande, "Effect of New Additive Towards Mitigating the Adverse Effect of Cetane Improver on Diesel Fuel Thermal Stability," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Waynick, J.A., S.R. Westbrook, L. Hicks, and P. Serino, "Apple Jelly Contamination in Aviation Jet Fuel Storage and Distribution Systems," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Waynick, J.A., "Removal of Drag Reducer Additive from Petroleum Fuels, Part 1," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, September 2003.

Waynick, J.A., "Removal of Drag Reducer Additive from Petroleum Fuels, Part 1: Gasoline and the Rheological Behavior Category," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Waynick, J.A., "Removal of Drag Reducer Additive from Petroleum Fuels, Part 2," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, September 2003.

Waynick, J.A., "Removal of Drag Reducer Additive from Petroleum Fuels, Part 2: Effect of Fuel and Polymar Structure," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Westbrook, S.R. and L.L. Stavinoha, "Development of Stability Test Methods for Biodiesel and B20 Blends," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

Westbrook, S.R. and L.L. Stavinoha, "Stability Characteristics of Selected Biodiesel Fuels and B20 Blends," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, September 2003.

Wilson III, G.R., "Jet Fuel Thermal Stability at the Refinery, in the Field and in Storage," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, September 2003.

Wilson III, G.R., "Long Term Survey of Thermal Stability of Jet Fuel From a Single Source," presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, IASH 2003, September 14-19, 2003, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, 2003.

2002

Yost, D.M., E.A. Frame, and R.E. Grinstead, "Operability and Compatibility Characteristics of Advanced Technology Diesel Fuels: Pump Evaluations," presented at the SAE Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Reno, Nevada, May 2002. SAE Paper No. 2002-01-1675, 2002.

2001

Frame, E.A., D.C. Drown, and K. Harper, "Screening Vegetable Oil Alcohol Esters as Fuel Lubricity Enhancers," Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, Vol. 78, No. 6, pp. 579-584, 2001.

Frame, E.A., D.M. Yost, D.W. Naegeli, M. Gonzalez, W.J. Piel, T.W. Asmus, W. Clark, J.A. Garbak, E. Liney, M. Natarajan, and J.P. Wallace III, "Oxygenates Screening for Advanced Petroleum-Based Diesel Fuels: Part 2—The Effect of Oxygenate Blending Compounds on Exhaust Emissions," SAE Paper No. 2001-01-3632, 2001.

Frame, E.A., D.M. Yost, J.P. Buckingham, J. Ball, C.A. Lapin, M. Gonzalez, E. Liney, M. Natarajan, J.P. Wallace III, and J.A. Garbak, "Dimethoxy Methane in Diesel Fuel: Part 3—The Effect of Pilot Injection, Fuels, and Engine Operating Modes on Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants and Gas and Solid Phase PAH," SAE Paper No. 2001-01-3630, 2001.

Frame, E.A., D.M. Yost, J.P. Buckingham, J. Ball, C.A. Lapin, M. Gonzalez, E.M. Liney, M. Natarajan, J.P. Wallace III, and J.A. Garbak, "Dimethoxy Methane in Diesel Fuel: Part 1—The Effect of Engine Operating Mode and Fuels on Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants and Gas and Solid Phase PAH," SAE Paper No. 2001-01-3627, 2001.

Frame, E.A., D.M. Yost, J.P. Buckingham, J. Ball, C.A. Lapin, M. Gonzalez, E.M. Liney, M. Natarajan, J.P. Wallace III, and J.A. Garbak, "Dimethoxy Methane in Diesel Fuel: Part 2—The Effect of Fuels on Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants and Gas and Solid Phase PAH Using a Composite of Engine Operating Modes," SAE Paper No. 2001-01-3628, 2001.

Frame, E.A., D.W. Naegeli, M. Natarajan, T.W. Asmus, W. Clark, J.A. Garbak, M.A.
Gonzalez, E. Liney, W.J. Piel, and J.P. Wallace III, Oxygenates for Advanced Petroleum-Based Fuels: Part 1—Screening and Selection Methodology for the Oxygenates," SAE Paper No. 2001-01-3631, 2001.

Owens, E.C., E.A. Frame, J.P. Buckingham, J. Garbak, S. Tseregounis, and A. Jackson, "Impact of Lubricant Oil on Regulated Emissions of a Light-Duty Mercedes-Benz OM611 CIDI-Engine," presented at and published in the 2001 SAE International Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition, Orlando, Florida, May 2001.

Waynick, J.A., "The Development and Use of Metal Deactivators in the Petroleum Industry: A Review," Energy & Fuels, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. ,325-1,340, 2001.

2000

Lacey, P.I., M.V. Whalan, D.W. Naegeli, and J.L. De La Cruz, "Lubricity of Volatile Fuels for Compression Ignition Engines," SAE Paper No. 2000-01-1804, 2000.

Lacey, P.I., M.V. Whalan, D.W. Naegeli, and J.L. De La Cruz, "Lubricity of Volatile Fuels
for Compression Ignition Engines," SAE Paper No. 00FL-422, Paris, France, June 2000.

1999

Bessee, G.B., "Determination of Wear Index to Predict Fuel Filtration Performance," SAE Paper No. 1999-01-0003, March 1-4 1999.

Lacey, P.I. and D.W. Naegeli, "Development of a High Vacuum Wear Test Apparatus Mounted in a Scanning Electron Microscope," Tribotest, Boulogne-ser-Mer, France, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 115-124, December 1999.

Moses, C.A. "Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, Chapter 7," Aviation Technology and Its Relation to Emissions, J.E. Penner, D.H. Lister, D.J. Griggs, D.J. Dockken, M. MacFarland, eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 253-258, 1999.

Ryan III, T.W., E.C. Owens, D.W. Naegeli, J. Doglio, G. Blyth, W. van Dam, B. Damin, C. Olikara, and F. "Villforth, Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Degradation Rates of Lubricating Oil in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine," presented at and published in the 1999 SAE International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, October 25-28,1999, G. Blyth (Lubrizol), W. van Dam (Ornite), B. Damin (Elf), C. Olikara (Cummins), F. Villforth (Caltex),Toronto, Canada, 1999.

1998

Bessee, G.B. and M.K. Khair, "Preliminary Technical Review of Military Fuel Compatibility With a Candidate Diesel Exhaust Particulate Trap Technology," Letter Report TFLRF No. 98-002, September 1998.

Bessee, G.B. and et al, "AAV IRAM Transmission Review," Interim Report TFLRF No. 334, March 1998.

Bessee, G.B. and et al., "Fuel Filtration Cooperative R&D Program," Final Report No.
SwRI-6482, Year 1 1994-1995, October 1996 and Year 2 1995-1996, January 1998.

Bessee, G.B. and et al., "High-Pressure Injection Fuel System Wear Study," SAE Paper No. 980869, February 1998.

Dodge, L.G., J.T. Kubesh, D.W. Naegeli, and P.F. Campbel, "Modeling NOx Emissions from Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines," SAE Paper No. 981389, 1998.

Naegeli, W.A., M.B. Sirman, C.A. Moses, and R.H. Hill Jr., "Kinetics of Deposit Precurors in Jet Fuels," American Chemical Society Preprints, Vol. 43, No. 3, p. 394, 1998.

Westbrook, S.R. and G.B. Bessee, "Cleanliness Tests for Automotive Diesel Fuel," Fluid/Particle Separation Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, December 1998.

1997

Bessee, G.B., E.A. Frame, and H.W. Marbach Jr., "Biodiesel Fuel Technology for Military Application," Interim Report TFLRF No. 317, December 1997.

Bessee, G.B. and et al., "Filtration Requirements and Evaluation Procedure for a Rotary Injection Fuel Pump," SAE Paper No. 972872, October 13-16, 1997.

Bessee, G.B. and J.P. Fey, "Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals in Biodiesel Fuel
Blends," SAE Paper No. 971690, May 5-8, 1997.

Edgar, B.L., R.W. Dibble, and D.W. Naegeli, :Autoignition of Dimethyl Ether and Dimethoxy Methane Sprays at High Pressures," SAE Paper No. 971677, May 1997.

Lacey, P.I., D.W. Naegeli, and B.R. Wright, "Tribological Properties of Fire-Resistant, Nonflammable, and Petroleum-Based Hydraulic Fluids," Tribology of Hydraulic Pump Testing, ASTM STP 1310, Ed. G.E. Totten, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 291-313, 1997.

Naegeli, D.W., P.I. Lacey, M.J. Alger, and D.L. Endicott, "Surface Corrosion in Ethanol Fuel Pumps," SAE Paper No. 971648, May 1997.

Naegeli, D.W., P.I. Lacey, and M.J. Alger, "Corrosion Induced Wear in Ethanol Fuel Pumps," SAE Transactions, Paper 971648, 1997.

Waynick, J.A., Effect of Increasingly Severe Hydrotreating on Stability-Related Properties of No. 2 Diesel Fuel," presented at and published in the Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, October 13-17, 1997, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1997.

Waynick, J.A., "Evaluation of the Stability, Lubricity, and Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel Fuel," presented at and published in the Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, October 13-17, 1997, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1997.

1996

Moses, C.A. and H.L. Bernstein, "Fuel-Specification Considerations for Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids to be Used in Stationary Gas Turbines," Proceedings, American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Conference, 1996. Paper No. 96-GT-406, 1996.

Stewart, D.W., L.G. Dodge, D.M. Leone, D.W. Naegeli, and K.R. Swenson, "A PC-Based Model for Predicting NOx Reductions in Diesel Engines," presented at the SAE International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition, October 14-17, San Antonio, Texas, 1996. SAE Paper No. 962060, 1996.

Westbrook, S.R., L.L. Stavinoha, L.A. McInnis, W.E. Likos, and D.M. Yost, "Fuel Requirements for Low-Heat Rejection Military Diesel Engines," Interim Report TFLRF No. 297, January 1996.

Westbrook, S.R. and S.A. Hutzler, "The Use of AOTF-NIR Spectrometers to Analyze Fuels, Phase I— Instrument Selection and Preliminary Calibrations," Interim Report TFLRF No. 313, April 1996.

1995

Bessee, G.B., "Evaluation of the RACOR Tattletale and AC PF911L Oil Filters Using SAE J1858," Letter Report No. TFLRF-95-002, March 1995.

Lacey, P.I. and S.R. Westbrook, "Diesel Fuel Lubricity," presented at the Society of Automotive Engineers International Congress and Exposition, February 1995. Paper No. 950248, 1995.

Lacey, P.I. and S.R. Westbrook, "Effect of Fuel Composition and Prestressing on Lubricity," Interim Report TFLRF No. 307, August 1995.

Stavinoha, L.L., S.R. Westbrook, and L.A. McInnis, "Mechanism of Deposit Formation on Fuel-Wetted Hot Metal Surfaces," Interim Report BFLRF No. 290, January 1995.

Westbrook, S.R., P.I. Lacey, L.A. McInnis, S.J. Lestz, and M.E. LePera, "Survey of Low Sulfur Diesel Fuels and Aviation Kerosenes from U.S. Military Installations," presented at the Society of Automotive Engineers, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition, October 1995. Paper No. 952369, 1995.

Westbrook, S.R., P.I. Lacey, and L.A. McInnis, "Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuel Survey—II (Winter and Summer Samples)," Letter Report No. TFLRF-95-004, September 1995. Westbrook, S.R. Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuel Survey -- I (Summer Samples). Letter Report No. TFLRF-95-001 , January 1995.

1994

Bessee, G.B. and K.B. Kohl, "Comparison Between Real-Life Dust Samples and Standardized Test Dusts," SAE Paper No. 940322, February 28-March 3, 1994.

Bessee, G.B. and S.R. Westbrook, "ECO KAT Fuel Energizer Evaluation," Letter Report No. BFLRF-94-001 , March 1994.

Bessee, G.B., "Bradley Fighting Vehicle Fuel Filter Evaluation," Final Letter Report No. SwRI-6153, United Defense, L.P., April 1994 and Letter Report No. SwRI-6028, February 1994.

Fodor, G.E. and S.R. Westbrook, "Best Technical Approach for the Petroleum Quality
Analysis (PQA) System," Interim Report BFLRF No. 300, August 1994.

Lacey, P.I. and S.R. Westbrook, "The Effect of Increased Refining on the Lubricity of Diesel Fuel." Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, October 1994.

Waynick, J.A., "A Comparison of Low and High Sulfur Middle Distillate Fuels in the United States," presented at and published in the Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, October 3-7, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1994.

Waynick, J.A., "Evaluation of Commercial Stability Additives in Middle Distillate Fuels," presented at and published in the 5th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, October 3-7, 1994, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1994.

Westbrook, S.R., "The Feasibility of Using a Near-Infrared Spectrometer to Estimate Selected Properties of Natural Gas," presented at the Society of Automotive Engineers, International Congress and Exposition, 1994. Paper No. 940762, February 1994.

1993

Bessee, G.B. and K.B. Kohl, "Characterization of CONUS and Saudi Arabian Fine-Grained Soil Samples," Interim Report BFLRF No. 294, October 1993.

Gregor, J.C., R.S. Norman, J.E. Johnson, and C.R. Sparks, "Establishment of a New Natural Gas Metering Research Facility for Improving Flow Measurement Accuracy Under Field Conditions," proceedings, FLOMEKO '93, 6th International Conference on Flow Measurement, Seoul, Korea, October 1993.

Gregor, J.G., J.E. Johnson, and C.R. Sparks, "GRI Metering Research Facility Update," proceedings of the A.G.A. Distribution/Transmission Conference, Orlando, Florida, May 1993.

Jewitt, C.H., S.R. Westbrook, D.L. Ripley, and R.H. Thornton, "Fuels for Land and Marine Diesel Engines and Nonaviation Gas Turbines," Manual on Significance of Tests for Petroleum Products, G. V. Dyroff, Ed.-6th ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 54-68, 1993.

Westbrook, S.R., "Analysis of Oxygenated Gasolines Using an AOTF-Based Near-Infrared Spectrophotometer," Letter Report No. BFLRF-93-002, September 1993.

Westbrook, S.R., "Army Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Estimate Selected Properties of Compression-Ignition Fuels," presented at the Society of Automotive Engineers, International Congress and Exposition, 1993. Paper No. 930734, March 1993.

Wilson III, G.R., "Interlaboratory Study for the Determination of Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidative Stability by Method D3241," presented at the American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1993. Research Report RR:D.02:1309, 1993.

1992

Bessee, G.B., S.R. Westbrook, and L.L. Stavinoha, "Automotive Diesel Fuel Filter Qualification Methodology and Preliminary Screening Results," Interim Report BFLRF No. 265, January 1992.

Bessee, G.B., "Automotive Diesel Fuel Filter Qualification and Methodology for Military Wheeled and Tracked Vehicles," SAE 922306, October 19-22, 1992.

Butler Jr., W.E., R. Alvarez Sr., D.M. Yost, S.R. Westbrook, J.P. Buckingham, and S.J. Lestz, "Final Report on Field Demonstration of Aviation Turbine Fuel MIL-T-83133C, Grade JP-8 (NATO Code F-34) at Fort Bliss, Texas," Interim Report No. BFLRF-278, September 1992.

Frame, E.A., S.R. Westbrook, and B.R. Wright, "Analysis of Fluid and Foam Samples From Helicopters," Interim Report No. BFLRF-284, April 1992.

Stavinoha, L.L., D.M. Yost, and S.J. Lestz, "Diesel Injector Fouling Bench Test Methodology," Interim Report BFLRF No. 267, June 1992.

Wilson III, G.R. Simulation, "Precision and Decision in JFTOT Testing," presented at the American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1992. Aviation Fuel: Thermal Stability Requirements, ASTM STP 1138, Perry Kirklin and Peter David, Eds., 1992.

1991

Bessee, G.B., S.R. Westbrook, and L.L. Stavinoha, "Automotive Diesel Fuel Filter Qualification Methodology," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, November 1991.

Boice, D.C., D.W. Naegeli, and W.F. Huebner, "Polyoxymethylene in Cometary Dust: Laboratory Test," Origin and Evolution of Interplanetary Dust, A.C. Levasseur-Regourd and H. Hasegawa (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Copywritten, Japan, pp. 265-268, 1991.

Hill Jr., R.H., D.W. Naegeli, and C.K. Baker, "Optical Properties of Poly (2,5-Dimethoxy-1,4-Phenylene Vinylene-CO-2,5-Thienylene Vinylene) Copolymers Films and Solutions," Synthetic Metals, Vol. 43, No. 1,2, p. 3165, 1991.

Knemeyer, J.R., N.L. Bihl, S.R. Westbrook, and L.L. Stavinoha, "Status of: (1) Diesel Fuel Oil Group (DFOG), and (2) Analytical Methodology Development Activities," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, November 1991.

Naegeli, D.W. and L.G. Dodge, "Ignition Study in a Gas Turbine Combustor," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 80, No. 4-6, p. 165, 1991.

Stavinoha, L.L., D.M. Yost, and S.J. Lestz, "Bench Test Methodology for Diesel Injector Fouling," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, November 1991.

Stavinoha, L.L., S.R. Westbrook, D.W. Naegeli, and S.J. Lestz, "Quantitation of Fuel Deposition on Hot Metal Surfaces," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, November 1991.

Wellinghoff, S.T., R.H. Hill Jr., and D.W. Naegeli, "Synthesis and Characterization of Carbazole Polymers Exhibiting Large Nonlinear Absorption and Refractive Index," Synthetic Metals, Vol. 43, No. 1,2, p. 3203, 1991.

1990

Butler Jr., W.E., R. Alvarez Sr., D.M. Yost, S.R. Westbrook, J.P. Buckingham, and S.J. Lestz, "Field Demonstration of Aviation Turbine Fuel MIL-T-83133C, Grade JP-8 (NATO Code F-34) at Ft. Bliss, TX," Interim Report No. BFLRF-264, December 1990.

1989

Bowden, J.N., S.R. Westbrook, and M.E. LePera, "Jet Kerosene Fuels for Military Diesel Applications," presented at the Society of Automotive Engineers International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, September 1989. Paper No. 892070, 1989.

Naegeli, D.W., D.M. Yost, D.S. Moulton, E.C. Owens, and G.L. Chui, "The Measurement of Octane Numbers for Neat Methanol and Reference Fuel Blends," presented at the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition, Baltimore, Maryland, September 1989, Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, SAE Paper No. 892038, SAE 1989 Transactions, 1989.

Naegeli, D.W. and W.D. Weatherford Jr., "Practical Ignition Limits for Low Molecular Weight Alcohols," Fuel, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 45-48, January 1989.

Naegeli, D.W., "Combustion-Associated Wear in Alcohol-Fueled Spark Ignition Engines," presented at the SAE Future Transportation Technology Conference, Vancouver, Canada, August 1989, Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, SAE Paper No. 891641, SAE 1989 Transactions, Vol. 98, No. 4, pp. 618-627, 1989.

1988

Bowden, J.N., S.R. Westbrook, and M.E. LePera, "A Survey of JP-8 and JP-5 Properties. Interim Report No. BFLRF-253, September 1988.

Fodor, G.E., D.W. Naegeli, and K.B. Kohl, "Peroxide Formation in Jet Fuels," Energy and Fuels, American Chemical Society, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 729-734, November 1988.

Westbrook, S.R., L.L. Stavinoha, D.L. Present, J.-P. Hsu, and J.G. Herrera, "Studies of Fuel Deterioration and Additive-Inhibition Mechanisms," presented at and published in the Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, London, England, September 1988.

Westbrook, S.R., L.L. Stavinoha, and D.L., "Present Studies of Diesel Fuel Insolubles Formation and Fuel Stabilizer Additives," Interim Report No. BFLRF-255, August 1988.

Westbrook, S.R. and L.L. Stavinoha, "User Guidelines for Diesel Fuel Handling and Storage," presented at and published in the Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, London, England, September 1988.

1987

Westbrook, S.R., L.L. Stavinoha, and L.L. Bundy, "Worldwide Survey of Automotive Diesel Fuel Quality—Phase I," Interim Report No. BFLRF-236, July 1987.

1986

Westbrook, S.R., J.G. Barbee, L.L. Stavinoha, M.E. LePera, and J.V. Mengenhause, "Methodology for Identification of Diesel Fuel System Debris Related to Problems in the Field," presented at and published in the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Long-Term Storage Stabilities of Liquid Fuels, San Antonio, Texas, July 1986.

Westbrook, S.R., L.L. Stavinoha, E.C. Owens, L.L. Bundy, and W.E. Butler Jr.,Establishment of Procedural Methodology and Data Interpretation for Fuel Quality Evaluation. Interim Report No. BFLRF-212, March 1986.

1985

Callahan, T.J., D.M. Yost, and T.W. Ryan III, "Acquisition and Interpretation of Diesel Engine Heat Release Data," presented at the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Tulsa, Oklahoma, October 1985. SAE Paper No. 852068, 1985.

Stavinoha, L.L., S.R. Westbrook, and P.A. Strandell, "A Portable Test Kit for Naval Distillate Fuel," Marine Fuels, ASTM STP 878, C. H. Jones, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 276-292, 1985.

Westbrook, S.R., L.L. Stavinoha, J.M. Burkes, J.G. Barbee, and L.L. Bundy, "Development of the Captured Fuels Test Kit," Interim Report No. BFLRF-211, December 1985.

Yost, D.M., T.W. Ryan III, and E.C. Owens, "Fuel Effects on Combustion in a Two-Stroke Diesel Engine," presented at the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Tulsa, Oklahoma, October 1985. SAE Paper No. 852104, 1985.

1984

Naegeli, D.W., D.M. Yost, and E.C. Owen, "Engine Wear with Methanol Fuel in a Nitrogen-Free Environment," U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command, Report AFLRL No. 175, AD A143530, DAAK70-79-C-0175, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, May 1984.

Naegeli, D.W., D.M. Yost, and E.C. Owens, "Engine Wear with Methanol Fuel in a Nitrogen-Free Environment," presented at the Society of Automotive Engineers, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, October 10, 1984, Baltimore, Maryland, 1984. 1984 SAE Transactions, SAE Paper No. 841374,1984.

Weatherford Jr., W.D. and D.W. Naegeli, "Study of Pool Burning Self-Extinguishment Mechanisms in Aqueous Diesel Fuel Microemulsions," Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, Vol. 5, pp. 159-177, April 1984.

Westbrook, S.R., L.L. Stavinoha, and L.L. Bundy, "Summary of Stability Additive Package Evaluation in Partially Fueled Vehicles On Board USMC Ships at Diego Garcia," Letter Report No. AFLRL-174, March 1984.

Westbrook, S.R. and L.L. Stavinoha, "Development of the Field Fuel Quality Monitor," Interim Report No. AFLRL-184, September 1984.

1983

Naegeli, D.W. and C.A. Moses, "Fuel Microemulsions for Jet Engine Smoke Reduction," Journal of Engineering for Power, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Transactions, Paper No. 82-GT-33, Vol. 105, January 1983.

Naegeli, D.W., L.G. Dodge, and C.A. Moses, "Effects of Flame Temperature and Fuel Composition on Soot Formation in Gas Turbine Engines," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 35, p. 117, June 1983.

Naegeli, D.W., L.G. Dodge, and C.A. Moses, "Sooting Tendency of Fuels Containing Polycyclic Aromatics in a Research Combustor," Journal of Energy, Vol. 7, No. 2, p. 168, April 1983.

Ryan III, T.W., T.J. Callahan, and C.A. Moses, "Combustion of Fourteen Different Vegetable Oils In Two Different Diesel Engines," Central States Section, The Combustion Institute, Paper No. CSS/CI 83-18, March 1983.

1982

Bowden, J.N., E.C. Owens, D.W. Naegeli, and L.L. Stavinoha, "Shale-Derived Distillate Fuels," Energy Progress, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 82-87, June 1982.

Ryan III, T.W., T.J. Callahan, L.G. Dodge, and C.A. Moses, "Injection, Atomization, and Combustion of Carbon Slurry Fuel," presented at the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Toronto, Canada, Vol. 91, October 1982. SAE Paper No. 821199, SP-527, SAE Transactions, 1982.

1981

Marbach Jr., H.W., E.C. Owens, T.W. Ryan III, E.A. Frame, and D.W. Naegeli, "Evaluation of the Effects of Alcohol Fuels on Spark Ignition Engine Wear," U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command, Final Report AFLRL No. 150, AD A110021, DAAK70-79-C-0175, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, December 1981.

Ryan III, T.W., D.W. Naegeli, E.C. Owens, H.W. Marbach Jr., and J.G. Barbee, "The Mechanisms Leading to Increased Cylinder Bore and Ring Wear in Methanol-Fueled SI Engines," presented at the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Tulsa, Oklahoma, October 1981. SAE Paper No. 811200, 1981.

Ryan III, T.W., J.O. Storment, B.R. Wright, and R. Waytulonis, "The Effects of Fuel Properties and Composition on Diesel Engine Exhaust Emission—A Review," presented at the International Off-Highway Meeting and Exposition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, September 1981. SAE Paper No. 810953, SP-495, 1981.

Ryan III, T.W., T.J. Callahan, W.E. Likos, C.A. Moses, and L.G. Dodge, "Alternative (Hybrid) Fuels for Highway Transportation," U.S. DOE Division of Transportation Energy Conservation, DOE Contract AC04-78CS54240, SwRI Final Report No. 03-5315, Vol. I, 1981.

Ryan III, T.W., W.E. Likos, and C.A. Moses, "The Use of Hybrid Fuels in a Single-Cylinder Engine," Automotive Engineering, Paper No. 801380, January 1981.

Stavinoha, L.L., S.R. Westbrook, and M.E. LePera, "Army Needs for Diesel Fuel Stability and Cleanliness. Distillate Fuel Stability and Cleanliness, ASTM STP 751," L.L. Stavinoha and C.P. Henry, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 103-125, 1981.

Stavinoha, L.L. and S.R. Westbrook, "Accelerated Stability Test Techniques for Middle Distillate Fuels. Distillate Fuel Stability and Cleanliness, ASTM STP 751," L.L. Stavinoha and C.P. Henry, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 3-21, 1981.

Stavinoha, L.L. and S.R. Westbrook, "Optimization of Accelerated Stability Test Techniques for Diesel Fuels," Department of Energy Report No. DOE/BC/10043-25, June 1981.

Westbrook, S.R., L.L. Stavinoha, J.G. Barbee, and J.V. Mengenhauser, "A Field Monitor for the Stability and Cleanliness of Distillate Fuel," Interim Report No. AFLRL-137, December 1981.

Westbrook, S.R., L.L. Stavinoha, and J.V. Mengenhauser, "Final Report on Fully Fueled POMCUS Vehicle Storage Test Program," Interim Report No. AFLRL-139, July 1981.

Westbrook, S.R., L.L. Stavinoha, and L.L. Bundy, "Final Report on Fully Fueled TACOM Vehicle Storage Test Program," Interim Report No. AFLRL-154, December 1981.

Yost, D.M., T.W. Ryan III, and E.C. Owens, "Installation of a Diesel Engine Combustion/ Ignition Evaluation Facility," U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command, Interim Report AFLRL No. 156, AD A119610, DAAK70-80-C-0001, DAAK70-82-C-00001, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, December 1981.

1980

Moses, C.A., D.W. Naegeli, A.H. Lefebvre, and ed., "Fuel Property Effects on Combustor Performance," Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Gas Turbine Combustor Design Problems, Washington, D.C., January 1980.

Owens, E.C., H.W. Marbach Jr., E.A. Frame, and T.W. Ryan III, "Effects of Alcohol Fuels on Engine Wear," presented at the SAE Passenger Car Meeting, Dearborn, Michigan, June 1980. SAE Transactions, SAE Paper No. 800857, Vol. 89, 1980.

Owens, E.C., H.W. Marbach Jr., E.A. Frame, and T.W. Ryan III, "Effects of Alcohol Fuels on Engine Wear." U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command, Interim Report AFLRL No. 133, AD A107136, DAAK70-79-C-0175, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, October 1980.

Ryan III, T.W., W.E. Likos, and C.A. Moses, "The Use of Hybrid Fuels in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine," presented at the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, October 1980. SAE Transactions, SAE Paper No. 801380, SP-471, Vol. 89, 1980.

Ryan III, T.W., W.E. Likos, and C.A. Moses, "The Use of Slurry Fuel in a Diesel Engine," Marine Engineers Review, November 1980.

Stavinoha, L.L., S.R. Westbrook, and M.E. LePera, "Army Experience and Requirements for Stability and Cleanliness of Diesel Fuels," Interim Report No. AFLRL-128, July 1980.

Stavinoha, L.L. and S.R. Westbrook, "Accelerated Stability Test Techniques for Diesel Fuels," Department of Energy Report No. DOE/BC/10043, October 1980.

1979

Stavinoha, L.L., J.N. Bowden, S.R. Westbrook, and H.N. Giles, "Final Report on Assessment of Crude Oil and Refined Petroleum Product Quality During Long-Term Storage," Interim Report No. AFLRL-121, December 1979.

Westbrook, S.R. and L.L. Stavinoha, "Field Fuel Quality/Stability Testing Device," Letter Report No. AFLRL-123, September 1979.

Westbrook, S.R., "Free Wax in Burner Fuel Oils," Letter Report No. AFLRL-126, October 1979.

Westbrook, S.R., "Laboratory Procedure for Sedimentation Tendency of Burner Fuel Oils," Letter Report No. AFLRL-124, September 1979.

1977

Aronowitz, D., D.W. Naegeli, and I. Glassman, "The High-Temperature Pyrolysis of Methanol," Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 81, p. 2,555, February 1977.

Aronowitz, D. and D.W. Naegeli, "The High-temperature Pyrolysis of Methanol," presented at the Eastern States Combustion Symposium, January 1977, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, Vol. 9, p. 471, March 1977.

Naegeli, D.W., "Effects of Diluents and Temperature on Soot Inception in Premixed Flames," PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF COMBUSTION—A Tribute to Irvin Glassman, Combustion Science and Technology Book Series, Eds. F.L. Dryer and R.F. Sawyer, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Vol. 4, 1977.

1975

Colket, M.B., D.W. Naegeli, and I. Glassman, "The High-Temperature Pyrolysis of Acetaldehyde," International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, Vol. 7, p. 223, June 1975.

1974

Colket, M.D., D.W. Naegeli, F. Dryer, and I. Glassman, "Flame Ionization Detection of the Carbon Oxides and Hydrocarbon Oxygenates," Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 8, p. 43, April 1974.

Zwillenberg, M., D.W. Naegeli, and I. Glassman, "Chemical Laser Action in Low-Pressure Metal Vapor Flames," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 8, p. 237, July 1974.

1973

Naegeli, D.W. and H.B. Palmer, "On the Crossing of the 4- and A2+ States of OH," Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 59, p. 2, June 1973.

1971

Dryer, F., D.W. Naegeli, and I. Glassman, "The High Temperature Oxidation of Carbon
Monoxide," Aerotecnica Missile E Spazio, No. 1, p. 10, July 1971.

Naegeli, D.W., F. Dryer, and I. Glassman, "Temperature Dependence of the Reaction CO + OH = CO2 + H," Combustion and Flame, Vol. 17, p. 270, January 1971.

1970

Naegeli, D.W. and C.J. Ultee, "A CW HCI Chemical Laser," Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 6, p. 121, January 1970.

1968

Naegeli, D.W. and H.B. Palme, "Chemiluminescent Emission Spectrum of Tin Mono- and Di-Halides," Journal of Molecular Spectrosopy, Vol. 21, p. 325, January 1968.

Naegeli, D.W. and H.B. Palme, "Creation of Population Inversion in the A3g State of C2 by Chemical Reaction," Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 48, p. 2,372, February 1968.

Naegeli, D.W., "On the Excitation Mechanism of the C2 High-Pressure Bands," Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 26, p. 152, June 1968.

Palmer, H.B. and D.W. Naegeli, "Predissociation of Chemiluminescent OH and OD," Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 28, p. 417, July 1968.

Tewarson, A., D.W. Naegeli, and H.B. Palmer, "Further Observation of Chemiluminescence in Diffusion Flames of Alkali Metals and Halogenated Methanes," Combustion Institute, Twelfth International Symposium on Combustion, Proceedings, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, p. 415, December 1968.

1967

Naegeli, D.W. and H.B. Palmer, "Electronic Emission Spectra of Phosphorus Oxyhalide Radicals," Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 26, p. 44, July 1967.

Naegeli, D.W. and H.B. Palmer, "Predissociation in the Chemiluminescent Emission Spectrum of OH," Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 23, No. 44, June 1967.

For more information about the TARDEC Facility at SwRI or how you can contract with the TARDEC facility or SwRI, contact Gary Bessee at gbessee@swri.org or (210) 522-6941.

tardec.swri.org

Contact Information

Gary Bessee

U.S. Army TARDEC Fuels & Lubricants Research Facility

(210) 522-6941

gbessee@swri.org

tardec.swri.org

Related Terminology

fuel research

lubricant research

U.S. Army TARDEC

government-owned contractor-operated