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Caterpillar® 1-N Procedure
 

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The Caterpillar 1-N procedure simulates high-speed, turbocharged, heavy-duty diesel engine service prior to 1998 with low sulfur fuel.


This procedure is part of categories:

  • API CG-4

  • API CI-4

The Caterpillar 1-N procedure evaluates the performance of crankcase lubricants with lower sulfur fuel for:

  • Piston deposits

  • Ring sticking

  • Piston scuffing

  • Ring scuffing

  • Liner scuffing

  • Oil consumption

Caterpillar 1-N Procedure Equipment and Procedure

The fixture is a Caterpillar 1Y540 single-cylinder, direct-injection, diesel test engine with a four-valve arrangement having a 5.4-inch bore and a 6.5-inch stroke resulting in a displacement of 148.8 cubic inches. Compression ratio is 14.5:1. Keystone top ring and rectangular second ring are used.


Procedure parameters are: 2,100 rpm, 70 bhp, 1,800 bmep, 7,990 Btu/min fuel input, 200 °F coolant temperature, 225 °F, 260 °F inlet air temperature at 71 inches of mercury and 125 grains/lb, 29:1 air/fuel ratio for 252 hours.


Halterman reference fuel with a sulfur specification of 0.03-0.05 mass percent and an API gravity specification of 33-35° is used.


Caterpillar 1-N Procedure Results

Piston, rings, and liner are evaluated at the end of the procedure. The piston is rated by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) demerit procedure. Lubricant analysis includes:

  • Viscosity

  • Total base number (TBN)

  • Wear metals

  • Fuel dilution

For CG-4, based on reference oil 1004, the following acceptance limits apply. Based on the time period in which a procedure is completed, an appropriate severity adjustment factor may be added to the result.

  • For a first run, the adjusted results are compared to the first procedure limits below.

  • For a two- or three-procedure program, the average of the adjusted results are compared to the appropriate pass limits.

 

Requirement

1st Test

2nd Test

3rd Test

Weighted demerits/deposits 1-N method (WDN) (demerits)

  286.2

311.7

323

Top groove (ring groove carbon deposits) fill (TGF) (%)

20

23

25

Top land heavy carbon (carbon deposits on top of piston) (TLHC) (%)

   3

   4

   5

Brake specific oil consumption (BSOC) Avg. g/kWh

   < 0.5

  < 0.5

   < 0.5


For more information about the Caterpillar 1-N procedure, or how you can contract with Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), please contact Jim McCord at jmccord@swri.org or (210) 522-3439.

 

caterpillar1n.swri.org

 

Contact Information

Jim McCord

Caterpillar 1-N Procedure

(210) 522-3439

jmccord@swri.org

caterpillar1nswri.org

Related Terminology

Caterpillar 1-N procedure

crankcase lubricants

piston deposits

ring sticking

ring scuffing

liner scuffing

oil consumption

lower sulfur fuel

viscosity

fuel dilution

API CG-4

API CI-4

Related Information

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| Engine Lubricants Research Department | Fuels and Lubricants Research Division | SwRI Home |

Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®), headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, is a multidisciplinary, independent, nonprofit, applied engineering and physical sciences research and development organization with 11 technical divisions.

December 28, 2012