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Southwest Research Institute experiments offer a new view on a hydrogen peroxide chemical cycle on Europa. Carbon-bearing species rising to Europa’s icy surface from a subsurface ocean are irradiated by Jupiter’s energetic plasma, synthesizing peroxide that may be cycled back down to the ocean, releasing chemical energy that may contribute to the ocean’s habitability. These findings are detailed in a new article published in the July 2025 issue of the Planetary Science Journal. 